国外湿法冶炼车间通风方式探讨

锌湿法冶炼浸出、净液及电解生产过程中有大量的酸雾、水蒸气等产生,车间工作环境恶劣,污染严重.作者考察了国外冶炼厂湿法车间,通过本文进行介绍,同时分析探讨反应槽废气处理及锌电解车间的通风方式与国内不同之处,提出改善工作环境、节能减排的设想.     

Solar-wind protons and heavy ions sputtering of lunar surface materials

Lunar surface materials are exposed to ∼1 keV/amu solar-wind protons and heavy ions on almost continuous basis. As the lunar surface consists of mostly oxides, these materials suffer, in principle, both kinetic and potential sputtering due to the actions of the solar-wind ions. Sputtering is an important mechanism affecting the composition of both the lunar surface and its tenuous exosphere. While the contribution of kinetic sputtering to the changes in the composition of the surface layer of these oxides is well understood and modeled, the role and implications of potential sputtering remain unclear. As new potential-sputtering data from multi-charged ions impacting lunar regolith simulants are becoming available from Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s MIRF, we examine the role and possible implications of potential sputtering of Lunar KREEP soil. Using a non-equilibrium model we demonstrate that solar-wind heavy ions’ induced sputtering is critical in establishing the timescale of the overall solar-wind sputtering process of the lunar surface. We also show that potential sputtering leads to a more pronounced and significant differentiation between depleted and enriched surface elements. We briefly discuss the impacts of enhanced sputtering on the composition of the regolith and the exosphere, as well as of solar-wind sputtering as a source of hydrogen and water on the moon.     

玻璃基底上氧化铟锡薄膜的光致发光性能

用直流磁控溅射法在190℃玻璃基底上制备了氧化铟锡(ITO)薄膜,利用荧光分光光度计研究了ITO薄膜的光致发光性能。结果表明,室温下ITO薄膜在波长250 nm光源的激发下,分别在467 nm和751 nm处观察到了发光强度较强的蓝光宽带和强度较弱的红光带。上述发光峰的出现分别和ITO薄膜中的氧空位、铟空位等缺陷在禁带中形成的能级有关,其中氧空位形成的施主能级位于导带下1.2 eV处,而铟空位形成的受主能级位于价带下1.65 eV处。     

激光熔化沉积Ti60合金和TiC_P/Ti60复合材料的显微组织及高温拉伸性能

通过激光熔化沉积工艺制备出Ti60合金和TiCP(质量分数为5%)/Ti60复合材料薄壁材料,分析了两种材料的显微组织及600℃下的高温拉伸性能。结果表明,激光熔化沉积Ti60合金具有典型的魏氏组织特征,在亚晶界处和α/β界面处存在球形富钕稀土相;TiCP/Ti60复合材料中存在少量未完全熔化的TiC颗粒,熔化析出的TiC相呈断续链状,均匀分布于基体中,TiC与钛合金基体的界面结合良好。在600℃下,TiCP/Ti60复合材料的拉伸强度比Ti60合金提高了65 MPa,而延伸率明显降低。Ti60合金在高温下发生韧性断裂,而TiCP/Ti60复合材料的断口特征比较复杂,既有沿晶断裂和准解理断裂也有局部的韧性断裂。     

基于周期性最大功率点检测的风电机组功率备用控制方法

风电机组通常运行于最大功率输出模式,无法为受扰电网提供紧急功率支撑。稳态时预留部分出力可提高风电机组主动电网支撑能力,为此提出一种基于周期性最大功率点(MPP)检测的风电机组功率备用控制(PRC)方法。通过周期性执行最大功率点跟踪程序检测风电机组实时MPP,一旦检测到MPP即可确定PRC模式参考值并切换为直接功率控制。设置伪单调转速-机械功率曲线使风电机组稳定运行在超速功率备用点,并通过储能装置平抑MPP检测产生的峰值功率波动。仿真结果表明提出的控制方法在定风速和变风速情况下均可以准确控制检测风电机组MPP并实现PRC,并且使得风电机组一次调频效果优于传统PRC。     

准分子激光快速诱导聚偏氟乙烯材料导电层的研究

采用KrF准分子激光直写刻蚀技术在聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)材料表面引入刻蚀缺陷,利用刻蚀点缺陷和线缺陷的活性中心作用实现了聚偏氟乙烯表面导电层的快速制备。实验结果表明,通过激光刻蚀在该材料表面产生的刻蚀点或刻蚀线均可起到活性中心的作用,轻易地控制导电层的形成,降低了激光改性阈值,低阈值实现了导电层快速制备的目的。通过激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(LSCM)及扫描电镜(SEM)观察,刻蚀缺陷边缘产生类导电层的二维规整网络微结构,为导电层的初期形式。激光刻蚀过程中的激光热交联反应及激光辐照交联反应的交替作用是聚偏氟乙烯导电层快速产生并大面积形成的主要原因。     

PN序列估计与扩频隐藏信息分析

在非协作信息侦测情况下,提出了一种直接序列扩频(DS-SS)信号PN序列的估计方法,在此基础上实现了扩频隐藏信息的盲提取.该方法以估计序列和扩频信号的累积相关值为目标函数,建立估计序列长度及其构成的两变量优化模型,通过遗传算法求解,可较好地估计出PN序列.通过获取的PN序列与藏密信号的相关性分析,可实现扩频隐藏信息的盲...     

Insights in wind turbine drive train dynamics gathered by validating advanced models on a newly developed 13.2 MW dynamically controlled test-rig

Guaranteeing reliable and cost-effective wind turbine drive trains requires expert insights in dynamics during operation. A combination of advanced modeling techniques and detailed measurements are suggested to realize this goal. The flexible multibody modeling technique enables the simulation of dynamic loads on all drive train components. Moreover it facilitates estimation of structural component deformation caused by dynamic loading. This paper gives a detailed overview of the assumptions made in this modeling approach. Furthermore the influence of the different structural component flexibilities is investigated in detail. To gain confidence in the models created, model validation by means of a comparison with measurements is necessary. To overcome issues concerning test repeatability experienced in field testing, test-rig testing is suggested as a valid alternative. In order to be representative, dedicated dynamic load cases, which represent specific dynamic behavior of the gearbox in a wind turbine need to be realized on the test-rig. However a highly dynamic test-rig complying with the specifications was not commercially available. Therefore Hansen developed a high dynamic test-rig with a nominal power of 13.2 MW and a peak power capacity of 16.8 MW. A back-to-back gearbox configuration was used. The complexity of controlling dynamics of the test-rig was solved by identifying dedicated load cases which represent specific wind turbine behavior. This paper describes the development process of the project consisting of four phases. During two phases a scaled set-up was used, which enabled iterative optimization of the complex interaction between the mechanical dynamics and the electrical controller of the test-rig. In the final part of the paper the two previously discussed approaches are combined, as it discusses results from the validation of simulation models using measurements performed on the 13.2 MW test-rig.     

Performance analysis of individual blade pitch control of offshore wind turbines on two floating platforms

Individual blade pitch state space (IBP SS) control and disturbance accommodating control (DAC) that reject wind speed perturbations are applied on a 5 MW wind turbine mounted on the barge and tension leg floating platforms for performance comparison in above rated wind speed region. The DAC used in this study is simply an IBP SS controller with a wind speed disturbance rejection component. For each controller implemented onshore and on the floating platforms, 60 10-min simulations with a variety of wind and wave conditions, where applicable, are carried out in accordance with the IEC-61400-3 standard design load case 1.2 for fatigue load testing. Results show that even with large tower load reductions by the IBP SS controller on the barge platform, these loads are still at least two and up to five times more than that for an onshore wind turbine. DAC on the barge platform has little impact on further improving the performance of the IBP SS controller. DAC on the tension leg platform manages to achieve loads comparable to that of the onshore system. Power and rotor speed regulation are improved and tower side-side load is reduced. Only the tower fore-aft load is 24% higher than the onshore wind turbine.     

FIR滤波器在扩频发射机中的应用

直接序列扩频技术以保密性强和抗多径衰落等优点而获得广泛的应用,针对在多系统兼容工作时出现的邻近通道干扰的问题,从扩频通信的工作原理入手进行分析,分析邻近通道干扰产生的来源,采用基带信号有限脉冲响应(FIR)滤波器的方式,实现邻近通道抑制的要求。在此基础上设计的解决方案,经过实际系统试验验证,可以很好地解决邻近通道干扰的问题。